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Table of Content Volume 8 Issue 2 - November 2018
A study of the various factors associated with non-communicable diseases at field practice area of UHTC of a tertiary health care centre
S Chenna Krishna Reddy1, Mohammad Rafi2*
{1Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine} {2Professor & HOD, Department of Biochemistry} RVM institute of Medical sciences and Research Center, Laxmakkapally Village, Mulugu Mdl, Siddipet District, Telangana, INDIA. Email: warangalmetro@gmail.com
Abstract Background: Industrialization, socio-economic development, urbanization, changing age structure, changing lifestyles has placed India at a position where it is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Aims and Objectives: To Study of the various factors associated with Non Communicable diseases at field practice area of UHTC of a tertiary health care centre. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the field practice area of UHTC supposed to serve for the population of 10000, attached to the department of Community Medicine of a tertiary health care centre during the one year period i.e. January 2017 to January 2018, all the persons infield practice area surveyed by House to house visits and personal interviews and anthropometric measurements. The statistical analysis done by Chi-square test and analyzed by SPSS 19 version software. Result: In our study we have seen that the majority of the patients were in the age group of >60 were 39.08%, followed by 50-60 were 26.21%, 40-50 were 19.91%, 30-40 were 13.27%, 20-30 were 1.54%. Majority of the patients were Male i.e. 55.97% followed by Female 44.03%. The most common non–communicable diseases prevalent were Cardiovascular diseases were 52.55%, followed by Diabetes in 28.35%, Chronic lung diseases in 15.48%, Stroke in 8.31%, Cancer in 3.15%, Others in 2.35%. The most common associated risk factors were Obesity (Overweight and Obese BMI >25 and >30) were 53.62% , followed by Sedentary life style in 46.38%, Tobacco chewing in 31.70%, Tobacco smoking in 25.80%, Unhealthy eating habits in 23.73%, Alcohol addiction in 19.57% , Family history in 9.05%. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that the most common non communicable diseases prevalent were Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes, Chronic lung diseases , Stroke and Cancer the most common associated factors were Obesity (Overweight and Obese BMI >25 and >30) , followed by Sedentary life style , Tobacco chewing, Tobacco smoking in Unhealthy eating habits etc. Key Word: NCD (Non Communicable diseases), Risk factors of NCD, Obesity (BMI)
INTRODUCTION Industrialization, socio-economic development, urbanization, changing age structure, changing lifestyles has placed India at a position where it is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases. In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for 40% of all hospital stays and 35% of all outpatient visits in 20041. Also, chronic diseases are estimated to account for 53% of all deaths and 44% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost in 20052. As of 2005, India experienced the “highest loss in potentially productive years of life” worldwide3. The four leading chronic diseases in India, as measured by their prevalence, are in descending order: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. All four of these diseases are projected to continue to increase in prevalence in the near future4. The projected cumulative loss of national income for India due to non-communicable disease mortality for 2006–2015 is expected to be USD237 billion. By 2030, this productivity loss is expected to double to 17.9 million years lost5. So we have studied the various common Non Communicable diseases in our field practice area. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the field practice area of UHTC supposed to serve for the population of 10000, attached to the department of Community Medicine of a tertiary health care centre during the one year period i.e. January 2017 to January 2018, all the persons infield practice area surveyed by House to house visits and personal interviews and anthropometric measurements. The persons with Non communicable diseases like Cardiovascular diseases (Hypertension, Ischemic heart Disease etc.), Diabetes, Chronic lung diseases (COPD, Ashthama etc. Stroke, Cancer (Mouth cancer, Breast cancer, other if any), Others diseases includes diseases other than this like Renal disease, Joint disorders, or any other chronic illness. Unhealthy eating habits of the patients defined like eating fried foods frequently, eating outside ready to foods like chips, packed food and taking less vegetables and fruits.
RESULT Table 1: Distribution of the patients as per the age
The majority of the patients were in the age group of >60 were 39.08%, followed by 50-60 were 26.21%, 40-50 were 19.91%, 30-40 were 13.27%, 20-30 were 1.54%.
Table 2: Distribution of the patients as per the sex
The majority of the patients were Male i.e. 55.97% followed by Female 44.03%.
Table 3: Distribution of the patients as per the common Non communicable diseases
*(More than one NCD present in the patients so total may be more than 1492)The most common non–communicable diseases prevalent were Cardiovascular diseases were 52.55%, followed by Diabetes in 28.35%, Chronic lung diseases in 15.48%, Stroke in 8.31%, Cancer in 3.15%, Others in 2.35%.
Table 4: Distribution of the patients as per the associated factors
The most common associated risk factors were Obesity (Overweight and Obese BMI >25 and >30) were 53.62%, followed by Sedentary life style in 46.38%, Tobacco chewing in 31.70%, Tobacco smoking in 25.80%, Unhealthy eating habits in 23.73%, Alcohol addiction in 19.57%, Family history in 9.05%.
DISCUSSION Chronic non-communicable diseases have emerged as leading causes of mortality and morbidity only at the turn of the present century in India. Registrar General of India first reported this transition while enumerating causes of deaths in the country for years 2001–2003. Non-communicable diseases (NCD’s), also known as chronic diseases and better as socially transmitted diseases, caused more than 50% of deaths in these years and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) emerged as the most important cause. Increasing proportion of NCD’s as cause of deaths has been reported in the latest Registrar General of India report also. Serial data from the Census of India have also reported increasing proportionate mortality from CVD in India. In the summary trends in major CVD’s (ischemic heart disease-IHD and stroke) in terms of absolute numbers and age-adjusted rates in India using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study data In the previous studies to identify CVD risk factors of importance in Indians.7,8 As per the trends in CVD risk factors in India using previous reviews.6-15 Using GBD study data along with risk factor prevalence trends have highlighted the observation that hypertension is the most important risk factor for CVD, non-communicable diseases as well as overall diseases in India. Public health, health systems based as well as clinic-based interventions are needed to increase awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. It is well known that up to a third of cardiovasculardeaths can be avoided by proper treatment and control of hypertension and by addressing this risk factor we can significantly prevent premature CVD mortality in India 16 The huge burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Indian Subcontinent is the consequence of the large population and the high prevalence of CVD risk factors 17. NCDs have common risk factors, such as tobacco-use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and excess adiposity. Policies and programmes focusing on reducing the burden of these common risk factors are likely to make a substantial impact on mitigating the mortality and morbidity due to NCDs 18. In our study we have seen that the majority of the patients were in the age group of >60 were 39.08%, followed by 50-60 were 26.21%, 40-50 were 19.91%, 30-40 were 13.27%, 20-30 were 1.54%. Majority of the patients were Male i.e. 55.97% followed by Female 44.03%. The most common non–communicable diseases prevalent were Cardiovascular diseases were 52.55%, followed by Diabetes in 28.35%, Chronic lung diseases in 15.48%, Stroke in 8.31%, Cancer in 3.15%, Others in 2.35%. The most common associated risk factors were Obesity (Overweight and Obese BMI >25 and >30) were 53.62% , followed by Sedentary life style in 46.38%, Tobacco chewing in 31.70%, Tobacco smoking in 25.80%, Unhealthy eating habits in 23.73%, Alcohol addiction in 19.57% , Family history in 9.05%.
CONCLUSION It can be concluded from our study that the most common non communicable diseases prevalent were Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes, Chronic lung diseases, Stroke and Cancer the most common associated factors were Obesity (Overweight and Obese BMI >25 and >30), followed by Sedentary life style, Tobacco chewing, Tobacco smoking in Unhealthy eating habits etc.
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